The HiTi P910L uses named error families and numbered conditions. The name identifies the general system involved; the number is important diagnostic information for HiTi or a service technician. This guide explains the safe operator-level checks, the exact paper-jam recovery procedure, media-loading problems, print defects, connectivity, maintenance, and the point where further troubleshooting should stop.
Written and maintained by the Southtrend Corp. support team, an authorized HiTi dealer since 2010.
Technical basis: HiTi's official P910L user manual and manufacturer FAQ. Last updated: August 2026.
Important troubleshooting notice: Record the complete error name and number before attempting a reset. This guide covers general, operator-level checks and does not replace diagnosis by HiTi technical support or a qualified service technician. We recommend contacting HiTi technical support to confirm the correct diagnosis and repair, especially when an error returns after one restart, the printer makes unusual sounds, paper cannot be removed using the documented procedure, or the next step would require removing covers or internal parts.
Jump to your problem
Clear a paper jam safelyThe reboot-and-release sequence, cutting the damaged paper, and which direction to pull
Paper loading and PAPERSET lampFlanges, 10 mm leading edge, four initialization sheets, and recurring jams
Paper Jam codesInternal codes 01–87 and exit codes 96–97
Paper, ribbon and drawerTake Out Paper, Paper Empty, Ribbon Empty, Incorrect Rib 3, and Cover Open
System and hardware errorsMecha, Sensor, TempSensErr, Control, and Controller families
USB, driver and Ready problemsComputer recognition, drawer problems, and a blinking PAPERSET lamp
Print quality problemsWhite lines, scratches, wrinkles, skew, white edges, and bent leading edges
Print sizes and settingsStandard and perforated media, matte finish, wireless, and operating-system support
Maintenance and transportMonthly cleaning, power interruption, broken ribbon, storage, and moving the printer
Error-code indexAll listed P910L error families and numbers
When to call for serviceProblems that should not be addressed by repeated resets or disassembly
Frequently asked questionsConcise answers to the most searched and most useful P910L questions
Read this first: safely releasing jammed paper
The P910L can keep paper gripped between its rollers after a jam. Do not pull harder. HiTi instructs the operator to install the ribbon, close the ribbon door, and reboot so the printer can reset and release the rollers.
Do not force paper toward the ribbon side. HiTi's user manual warns that forcing paper out in that direction can damage the printer. If paper does not come out easily toward the ribbon side, open the guide and remove it from the roll-paper side instead.
Correct HiTi P910L paper-jam recovery sequence
1. Record the message
Photograph or write down the complete error name and number before restarting. The code may disappear after the reset, but support will need it.
2. Reset and release
Install the ribbon if it has been removed, close the ribbon door and drawer, switch the printer off, wait at least three seconds, then switch it on. Let initialization finish so the rollers can release the paper.
3. Open the drawer
Open the drawer carefully. Cut off any folded, creased, or already printed section with scissors. Make the cut straight and at a right angle to the roll.
4. Remove without force
Pull the paper out slowly. If it will not come out easily toward the ribbon side, open the guide unit and pull it toward the roll-paper side until the PAPERSET lamp goes off.
5. Remove all damaged paper
Do not reuse a creased or printed section. Leaving it attached can cause another jam or snap the ribbon during the next print.
6. Stop if resistance remains
If paper remains trapped after the rollers release, or the same jam returns with correctly loaded fresh media, contact service. Do not use pliers, screwdrivers, or extra force.
Dealer experience: On a support call, the exact jam code and a photograph of the paper before it is removed are more useful than the phrase “it jammed.” We also ask whether the paper was pulled before the printer completed its reset. That detail often explains why a simple jam has become a transport or ribbon problem.
Correct paper loading and PAPERSET-lamp checks
Incorrect paper position can create Paper Empty, recurring Paper Jam messages, skew, or a printer that never reaches Ready. These checks come directly from the P910L loading procedure.
How to load P910L paper correctly
Paper flanges
Install the white and blue flanges completely into the paper core. Align the flange notches with the core notches. A visible gap of roughly 5–10 mm between a flange and the roll means the flange is not seated correctly.
Match the colors
Place the roll in the drawer by matching each flange color to the same-color holder in the printer.
Leading edge
Feed the paper under the guide roller until the PAPERSET lamp turns on. The target is approximately 10 mm of paper visible. Do not push the paper too far; HiTi warns that over-insertion can cause a paper-jam error.
If PAPERSET blinks
Pull the paper edge back until the PAPERSET lamp turns off, then reload it to the proper position.
Close in order
Close the open-guide unit by pressing its center, then close the drawer carefully. Do not slam either assembly.
Four sheets eject
When both paper and ribbon are loaded and the drawer is closed, the printer automatically ejects four sheets during initialization. This is normal preparation, not a jam or a waste-counter malfunction.
Dealer experience: A clear photo of the blue and white flanges, the gap between each flange and the roll, and the paper position at the lit PAPERSET lamp often resolves a loading question faster than a long phone description. We recommend taking those photos before removing the media again.
Paper Jam error codes
HiTi separates P910L jam messages into an internal group and an exit-area group. Record the exact number and provide it to technical support. Do not remove covers or internal parts based on an error number.
Paper Jam 01–87: obstruction inside the printer
Codes listed by HiTi
01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, and 87.
What it means
HiTi describes these codes as paper or a foreign object stuck inside the printer.
What to do
Use the complete release-and-removal procedure above. Cut away folded or printed paper, remove it without force, and confirm that no fragment remains.
Call for service if
Paper cannot be removed after the rollers release, the same code returns immediately, paper jams repeatedly, or the printer makes grinding, clicking, or straining sounds.
Paper Jam 96 and 97: obstruction near the exit
What it means
HiTi describes Paper Jam 96 and 97 as paper or a foreign object stuck around the print exit.
First checks
Remove finished prints and any object in front of the exit. Confirm that the front of the printer has enough clear space for an 8×12 print to emerge without bending or striking a wall, tray, cabinet, or stacked output.
What to do
Install the ribbon, close the door, reboot to release the rollers, and remove the paper only after release. If it is still trapped, contact support.
Important correction
A bent front edge can also indicate an exit obstruction; do not assume that every bent print is simply normal roll curl.
Cover Open
What it means
The drawer unit is open or the printer does not detect it as fully closed.
What to do
Open the drawer, verify that the paper, ribbon, open-guide unit, and dust box are positioned correctly, clear anything blocking the runners, and close the drawer carefully and completely.
If the drawer will not open
Confirm that the printer is on a flat surface and that no object is blocking the front of the drawer. Do not force the drawer.
Call for service if
The drawer is visibly closed but the message remains, or the drawer binds after media and external obstructions have been ruled out.
Paper Empty and Take Out Paper
Paper Empty
The printer does not have paper set. Install the correct P910L paper roll and load its leading edge to the PAPERSET position.
Take Out Paper
HiTi states that this message means the paper roll is empty. Replace the paper roll. It does not mean that a completed print is merely waiting at the exit.
After replacing paper
Confirm the flanges are fully seated, the colors match the holders, and the leading edge is inserted only until the PAPERSET lamp is lit.
Call for service if
Correctly loaded fresh paper still produces the same message after one normal restart.
Ribbon Empty and Incorrect Rib 3
Ribbon Empty
The ribbon is not loaded or has reached the end. Install or replace the P910L ribbon. If ribbon remains but has rolled or wrinkled on a spool, replace it rather than forcing it through the printer.
Incorrect Rib 3
The printer is not accepting the installed ribbon. The user manual describes the corresponding condition as an unsupported ink ribbon or a possible ribbon/printer abnormality.
What to do
Verify that the ribbon is genuine, correct for the P910L, and intended for the paper kit in use. Remove it, take up only normal slack, reinstall it squarely, and restart once. Test a second known-good P910L ribbon if available.
Call for service if
A known-good compatible ribbon also produces Incorrect Rib 3. That can indicate a ribbon-identification or printer fault rather than an operator-loading problem.
Broken or snapped ribbon
Temporary recovery
Remove the ribbon, join the broken section with tape, then turn the rewinding side until the taped joint is completely wound past the active printing area.
Use caution
Keep the taped joint flat and fully wound away from the thermal head. Expect to lose the interrupted print.
Do not normalize repeated breaks
A second break with fresh media should be treated as a printer, transport, contamination, or storage problem—not as a reason to keep taping ribbons.
Dealer experience: For media-related calls, we ask for the exact part number on the media carton and a photo of the installed ribbon and paper. “It is 8-inch media” is not enough: the P910L has standard 8×12 media and perforated 8×12 media for different output formats, and ribbons from another model may look similar while still being incompatible.
Mecha, Sensor, TempSensErr, Control and Controller errors
These are service-oriented error families. The public HiTi FAQ generally directs the user to technical support. One controlled restart and a visual check for an accessible obstruction are reasonable; repeated resets, panel removal, or speculative firmware changes are not.
Mecha Error 01, 02, 03, 04, 11 and 12
What it means
The printer detected a mechanical fault or a mechanism that did not reach the expected state.
Safe operator checks
Record the full code. Switch off, wait at least three seconds, inspect only the accessible drawer and exit for paper or a foreign object, and restart once.
Stop and call
If the same Mecha Error returns, or any grinding, clicking, or straining is heard, stop using the printer and contact service. Do not keep cycling power against a mechanical fault.
Sensor Error 01, 02, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30 and 31
What it means
The printer detected a sensor-related condition. HiTi advises contacting technical support for these codes.
Safe operator checks
Record the exact code, turn the printer off, inspect the accessible paper path for a visible scrap or foreign object, and restart once. Do not direct compressed air deep into the printer or remove covers to reach a sensor.
Stop and call
If the code remains or returns, contact support with the exact number, printer serial number, and a description of what happened immediately before the error.
TempSensErr 01, 02, 05, 06, 07 and 08
What it means
The printer detected a temperature-sensor error. This is not the same as the normal cooling or warm-up status during printing.
Safe operator checks
Turn the printer off, allow it to cool, confirm the ventilation openings are not blocked, and restart once in a normal indoor environment.
Important limit
Do not describe these codes as usually caused by poor ventilation. HiTi treats them as faults requiring technical support when they persist.
Stop and call
If the same code returns after the printer has cooled and the openings are clear, stop and contact service.
Control Error and Controller Error families
Control Error codes
09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21.
Controller Error codes
01, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, and 28.
What to do
Record the exact wording as well as the number because “Control” and “Controller” are different displayed families. Turn the printer off, wait at least three seconds, and restart once.
Stop and call
If the error persists or recurs, contact technical support. Do not assume that a driver update, media change, or repeated reset will repair an internal control fault.
Dealer experience: We treat these as code-first service calls. Before anything is reset, we ask the operator to photograph the display, note the serial number and firmware version, and describe any new sound. One restart is useful; ten restarts usually remove context without adding diagnostic value.
USB, driver, power and Ready problems
Computer does not recognize the P910L
First check
Confirm the USB cable is fully connected at both the printer and computer. Use a direct connection for testing and avoid an unpowered hub.
Driver
Install the P910L driver package supplied through HiTi’s current download page and follow the package instructions. After major operating-system updates, confirm that HiTi lists a compatible driver before upgrading a production workstation.
Power and order
Confirm the printer is powered and has completed initialization before sending a job. If changing cables, wait until the printer is idle rather than disconnecting during data transfer.
Call for support if
A known-good direct USB cable and a clean driver installation still do not detect the printer on more than one computer.
Printer does not become Ready
Check the drawer
Confirm the drawer unit is completely closed.
Check for a jam
Look for an error indication and follow the jam procedure if paper is trapped.
Check PAPERSET
If the PAPERSET lamp is blinking, remove the paper edge until the lamp turns off, then reload the paper to the correct position.
Normal initialization
The printer can be initializing, heating, or cooling. Four sheets are automatically ejected after both paper and ribbon are newly loaded and the drawer is closed.
Power does not turn on
What to check
Confirm the power cord is securely connected to the printer and a working grounded outlet.
Do not continue if
There is smoke, an unusual smell, abnormal heat, liquid intrusion, or evidence that the printer was dropped. Disconnect power and contact service.
Print-quality problems
Keep at least one defective print. The defect’s direction, location, and repeatability help distinguish contamination, damaged media, exit obstruction, and a thermal-head problem.
White line, scratch, or a straight unprinted stripe
Likely first cause
HiTi instructs the user to clean the thermal-head surface. Dust or contamination can prevent dye transfer and create a straight white line.
How to clean
Switch off, unplug, and allow the head to cool. Use clean nonwoven material or gauze with isopropyl or ethyl alcohol; HiTi’s FAQ specifies alcohol above 90%. Wipe the glass-bar surface gently, do not touch it with fingers, and allow approximately five minutes for the alcohol to dry completely.
What the result means
If the defect disappears, contamination was the cause. If the same blank line remains in exactly the same position after correct cleaning and fresh media, contact service; the head may have an electrical or heating-element fault.
Scratch versus white line
A physical scratch can also indicate a foreign object in the path. Inspect only the accessible path and stop if removal would require disassembly.
Abnormal streak or wrinkle
Manufacturer first step
HiTi directs users to clean the rollers with nonwoven material and alcohol above 90%.
Also inspect
Check the ribbon for visible slack, folds, or uneven winding and confirm the cassette is seated squarely. Check that the paper surface is clean and undamaged.
Call for service if
Streaks or wrinkles remain after roller cleaning and a correctly installed fresh media kit.
Skew or a white edge
Manufacturer first step
Inspect the paper roll and replace it if it is abnormal. A damaged, deformed, poorly seated, or incorrectly flanged roll can track unevenly.
Reload checks
Confirm both flanges are fully seated with no 5–10 mm gap, flange colors match their holders, and the leading edge is square and inserted only to the PAPERSET position.
Call for service if
Fresh, correctly loaded paper still produces the same skew or one-sided white edge.
Front edge of the print is bent or creased
Important diagnosis
HiTi identifies paper or a foreign object around the exit as the first condition to check.
What to do
Clear the space in front of the printer. Install the ribbon, close the door, reboot to release the rollers, and remove any trapped paper only after release.
Do not confuse
A gentle roll curl can occur with roll media, but a sharp bend or crease at the leading edge should be treated as an exit-path obstruction until ruled out.
Dotted areas are not printed
What HiTi indicates
The cleaning roller may be dirty.
What to do
Perform the documented monthly cleaning procedure for the thermal head, platen, peeling/decurl area, and rollers, then allow all alcohol to dry completely before printing.
Call for service if
The same missing spots remain in fixed positions after cleaning and fresh media.
Dealer experience: Our first question is whether the defect repeats in exactly the same location. A fixed defect after correct cleaning and fresh media points toward hardware. A defect that moves, changes shape, or appears only on one media roll points first toward contamination, handling, or media. Save the complete print and send both a full-sheet photo and a close-up.
Print sizes, matte finish, wireless and operating systems
P910L sizes and connection facts
Supported output sizes
HiTi lists 4×4, 4×5, 4×6, 4×8, 4×10, 4×12, 8×4, 8×5, 8×6, 8×8, 8×10, and 8×12 output formats. The exact choices shown depend on the installed media and driver.
Standard 8×12 media kit
Used for full-width 8-inch output, including 8×10 and 8×12, with shorter 8-inch lengths available through the driver.
Perforated 8×12 media kit
Designed for two 4-inch-wide outputs across the sheet, supporting formats such as 4×4 through 4×12 according to driver layout and cut/perforation handling.
Matte finish
Yes. HiTi says matte output is enabled in the printer driver under Printing Preferences and Settings; it does not require a separate matte paper kit.
Wireless printing
No. The P910L is a USB-connected printer and does not support wireless printing.
Mac and Windows
HiTi provides P910L driver downloads and states that Mac OS is supported. Because current operating-system versions change, verify the exact driver version on HiTi’s download page before upgrading a production computer.
Maintenance, power interruption and transportation
Clean monthly
HiTi recommends cleaning the thermal head, platen, and decurl/peeling roller once a month to maintain print quality. Clean sooner when a repeatable defect appears.
Use the correct cleaning method
Power off and let the head cool. Use clean gauze or nonwoven material with isopropyl or ethyl alcohol. Allow approximately five minutes for complete drying before printing.
Vacuum the filter openings
When dust accumulates on the ventilation openings, HiTi instructs users to clean them with a vacuum cleaner. Do not blow debris deeper into the machine.
Store media correctly
HiTi specifies a dry, dark location below 30°C and below 60% relative humidity. Do not touch the printable surface, and remove paper and ribbon during long periods of non-use.
Transport with no media installed
Remove paper and ribbon and use the genuine shipping box and protective materials. HiTi states that the approximately 13.5 kg printer is too heavy for one person to lift safely.
Keep the anti-tip plate installed
The user manual includes an anti-tip plate as part of installation. Use it as instructed, especially where the large front drawer will be opened regularly.
If power is interrupted during printing
Why prompt action matters
The thermal head can remain pressed against the platen after power loss. HiTi warns that leaving it that way can deform the platen.
Recovery
Turn the printer off. Wait at least three seconds, turn it on, and then follow the paper-jam procedure when the printer displays the jam condition.
Do not
Do not leave the printer indefinitely with a stalled print trapped under the head, and do not pull the paper before the reset releases the rollers.
Dealer experience: We do not promise a universal P910L print-head lifespan. Head life varies with contamination, fingerprints, media condition, cleaning technique, duty cycle, and transport. A defensible dealer recommendation is to follow HiTi’s monthly cleaning schedule, keep a known-good reference print, and investigate a repeatable line immediately instead of printing through it.
HiTi P910L error-code index
Use this index to identify and report the exact error family and number to technical support. An error number does not authorize removal of panels or internal service work.
Internal Paper Jam
01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 41–57, 81–87
Mecha Error
01, 02, 03, 04, 11, 12
Sensor Error
01, 02, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 31
TempSensErr
01, 02, 05, 06, 07, 08
Control Error
09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
Controller Error
01, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28
Media and drawer messages
Take Out Paper, Paper Empty, Ribbon Empty, Incorrect Rib 3, Cover Open
Dealer experience: The code index is most useful when customers preserve the exact wording and number. We intentionally do not turn confidential service-level mappings into do-it-yourself repair instructions. Internal diagnosis should be performed by HiTi or qualified service personnel.
When to stop and call for service
Stop troubleshooting in these situations
Paper remains trapped
The rollers have been released correctly, but paper still cannot be removed without force.
Repeated identical jam
The same jam code returns with a square leading edge and correctly loaded fresh media.
Mecha or control fault returns
A Mecha, Sensor, TempSensErr, Control, or Controller code remains after one controlled restart.
Abnormal sound, smell, or heat
Grinding, clicking, straining, smoke, unusual smell, or abnormal heat occurs.
Fixed print defect
A white line, blank stripe, or missing area remains in exactly the same position after correct cleaning and fresh media.
Known-good media rejected
Incorrect Rib 3, Paper Empty, or Ribbon Empty remains with correctly loaded known-good P910L media.
Disassembly would be required
HiTi warns users not to dismantle or service the printer beyond the procedures in the user manual. Stop before removing covers or reaching internal components.
Talk to our support team
Southtrend Corp. has supported professional photo printers as an authorized HiTi dealer since 2010. For a faster diagnosis, send the complete error name and number, the printer serial number, what happened immediately before the error, and photographs of the display, loaded media, or defective print.
Phone: 305-653-0037
Email: info@eventprinters.com
Frequently asked questions
How do I safely clear a paper jam on a HiTi P910L?
Record the full jam code. Install the ribbon, close the ribbon door and drawer, switch the printer off, wait at least three seconds, then restart and let it release the rollers. Open the drawer and cut away any folded or printed section squarely. Pull the paper out slowly. If it will not come out toward the ribbon side, open the guide and remove it toward the roll-paper side. Never force it.
What is the difference between Paper Jam 96 or 97 and the other P910L jam codes?
HiTi describes Paper Jam 96 and 97 as an obstruction near the print exit. The listed codes from 01 through 87 indicate paper or a foreign object inside the printer. Record the exact code, because it tells support which error condition occurred even though the safe user-level recovery is similar.
What does Take Out Paper mean on a HiTi P910L?
HiTi states that Take Out Paper means the paper roll is empty. Replace the paper roll. It is not simply a request to remove a finished photograph from the exit.
Why does my P910L say Paper Empty after I installed paper?
Check that the white and blue flanges are fully seated with their notches aligned, match each flange to the same-color holder, and feed the leading edge only until the PAPERSET lamp turns on with about 10 mm visible. If correctly loaded fresh paper still produces the message after one restart, contact support.
What does Incorrect Rib 3 mean on a HiTi P910L?
The printer is not accepting the installed ribbon. Verify that it is compatible P910L ribbon for the media kit in use, remove and reinstall it squarely, take up normal slack, and restart once. If a second known-good P910L ribbon produces the same message, the printer or ribbon-identification system needs service.
Why does the P910L eject four sheets after I load new media?
This is normal. When both paper and ribbon are installed and the drawer is closed, the P910L performs initialization and automatically ejects four sheets.
Why will my HiTi P910L not become Ready?
Confirm that the drawer is fully closed, check for a paper jam, and look at the PAPERSET lamp. If the lamp is blinking, pull the paper edge back until the lamp turns off, then reload the paper correctly. The printer may also be completing normal heating, cooling, or media initialization.
Why does my computer not recognize the HiTi P910L?
Check that the USB cable is fully inserted at both ends, test a direct connection without a hub, and install the current P910L driver from HiTi. If a known-good cable and clean driver installation fail on more than one computer, contact support.
Does the HiTi P910L support wireless printing?
No. HiTi states that the P910L does not support wireless printing. It connects to a computer by USB.
Can the HiTi P910L print matte photographs?
Yes. HiTi states that matte output can be enabled in the printer driver under Printing Preferences and Settings. A separate matte-media kit is not required.
Why does my P910L print have a white line or scratch?
Power off and let the thermal head cool. Clean the head with clean nonwoven material or gauze and isopropyl or ethyl alcohol; HiTi’s FAQ specifies alcohol above 90%. Let it dry completely before printing. If the same line remains in exactly the same place after cleaning and fresh media, contact service.
What causes wrinkles or abnormal streaks on P910L prints?
HiTi’s first corrective step is to clean the rollers using nonwoven material and alcohol above 90%. Also inspect the ribbon for folds, uneven winding, or improper seating. If the defect remains with clean rollers and fresh correctly installed media, contact support.
Why is the front edge of my P910L print bent?
HiTi identifies paper or a foreign object around the print exit as the first condition to check. Clear the exit, install the ribbon, close the door, reboot so the rollers release, and remove trapped paper only after release. A sharp crease should not be dismissed as normal roll curl.
What should I do after power fails during a P910L print?
Turn the printer off, wait at least three seconds, then turn it back on. HiTi warns that the head can remain pressed against the platen after a power interruption. When the printer reports the jam condition, follow the normal paper-jam removal procedure.
How often should I clean the HiTi P910L?
HiTi recommends cleaning the thermal head, platen, and decurl or peeling roller once a month for best print quality. Clean sooner when a repeatable print defect appears, and vacuum dust from the filter openings when needed.
Primary technical sources
Technical sources include the official HiTi P910L FAQ and the official HiTi P910L user manual. HiTi’s current instructions take priority, and procedures requiring internal disassembly should be handled by qualified service personnel.
Important troubleshooting disclaimer: This guide is provided for general informational and operator-level troubleshooting purposes. It is not a substitute for diagnosis, repair instructions, warranty guidance, or safety directions from HiTi technical support or a qualified service technician. The same HiTi P910L error message can have more than one possible cause depending on the printer's condition, media, firmware, operating environment, electrical supply, maintenance history, and previous service work.
We recommend contacting HiTi technical support to confirm the correct diagnosis and repair before attempting any procedure beyond the safe checks described in the official HiTi P910L user manual. Stop troubleshooting and seek professional assistance when an error returns after one controlled restart, the printer makes grinding or unusual mechanical noises, paper remains trapped after the documented release procedure, smoke, odor, or abnormal heat is present, internal disassembly would be required, or the printer may still be covered by warranty. Always follow the current HiTi manual, technical bulletins, support instructions, and applicable warranty terms.
HiTiPrinters.com is owned and operated by Southtrend Corp., an independently owned authorized HiTi dealer since 2010. Southtrend Corp. is not owned or operated by HiTi Digital. All product names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
